A stoma is a surgically created abdominal opening that redirects waste from the urinary or digestive systems. There are various reasons for developing a stoma, such as treating intestinal conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, removing cancerous bladder or bowel parts, or repairing congenital abnormalities affecting the urinary or digestive systems.
While having a stoma requires adjustments, it does not mean one cannot lead a fulfilling life. Proper management enables individuals to remain in control and participate in all aspects of daily life.
By understanding the different types of stomas, implementing appropriate stoma care routines, and making some lifestyle adjustments, people with stomas can effectively manage their condition and lead satisfying lives. Here is a step-by-step guide to managing your daily life with a stoma.
Step 1: Understand Your Stoma
There are three primary categories of stomas, each with a distinct function:
- Colostomy: A colostomy removes waste from the colon, which is part of the large intestine. The stoma output can be solid or semi-solid, depending on its location in the colon.
- Ileostomy: An ileostomy redirects waste from the small intestine (ileum). Unlike a colostomy, ileostomy output is usually watery or mushy and occurs more frequently.
- Urostomy: A urostomy redirects urine from the urinary system. The collected urine is held in a pouch worn on the abdomen.
It is essential to understand the type of stoma and how it functions to properly manage and adjust daily routines. A medical professional will provide detailed information about the person’s stoma and the associated care needs.
Step 2: Fundamentals of Stoma Care
Sustaining appropriate stoma care is critical to avoiding infection and enhancing general health.
Use warm water and a little soap to clean the stoma and the skin around it regularly. Using a soft towel or piece of gauze, gently pat the area dry. Stay away from strong soaps, lotions, and alcohol-based products as these might cause skin irritation.
Look for any color, size, or shape changes in the stoma while it’s being cleaned. Inform a healthcare provider of any notable changes.
Waste from stomas is collected in a pouch while an adhesive wafer sticks to the skin surrounding the stoma. You can avoid leaks by using the proper size and kind of pouching system, guaranteeing a snug and comfortable fit.
The kind of stoma and the person’s output determines how often the pouch must be changed. It is best to change the pouch system with appropriate supervision from a healthcare expert.
Step 3: Diet and Lifestyle Adjustments
Although people with stomas can eat a wide range of foods, some dietary modifications may be required depending on the type of stoma.
Certain foods, such as high-fiber foods or gas-producing vegetables, might promote bloating or increase stoma output. Recognizing and avoiding these foods can help control output and discomfort.
Since ileostomy output is liquid-based, maintaining hydration is essential to avoid dehydration. People might need to drink more fluids than usual.
A medical practitioner or stoma nurse can provide customized dietary guidance to optimize stoma function and efficiently manage output.
Exercise remains crucial for people with stomas. Most exercises are safe to modify. Important considerations include using a supportive pouch and avoiding contact sports that could harm the stoma. It is best to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a new fitness regimen.
Step 4: Dealing with Common Concerns
There may be times when having a stoma presents challenges.
Changes in the size or shape of the stoma, or an ill-fitting pouch, can lead to leaks. Regularly emptying the pouch and using the correct size and type of pouching system can prevent leaks. Consult a healthcare provider if leaks persist.
Blockages can occur when waste becomes trapped in the stoma. While rare, they can cause discomfort and bloating. Eating a high-fiber diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding certain foods can help prevent blockages. Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a blockage.
Skin irritation around the stoma can result from harsh cleaning agents, leaks, or improper cleaning techniques. Using the appropriate pouching device and following recommended stoma care protocols can reduce irritation. Consult a doctor if irritation persists to rule out infection or other issues.
Living with Confidence
A stoma can lead to several emotional challenges. However, it’s important to remember that having a stoma does not define your identity. Maintaining emotional well-being is crucial for overall health and quality of life. Here are some considerations:
Connecting with others who understand the challenges of living with a stoma can be highly beneficial. Support groups provide a safe environment to share experiences, concerns, and advice.
Specialized healthcare professionals known as “stoma nurses” offer guidance, support, and education on managing and caring for stomas. They can provide reassurance and address specific concerns. Skin irritation can be minimized by using the appropriate pouching device and following recommended stoma care protocols. Consult a doctor if irritation persists to rule out infection or other underlying issues.
Remember to seek professional advice from a healthcare provider or stoma nurse for any ongoing issues or concerns related to your stoma. Timely attention can prevent complications and promote optimal stoma health.
Conclusion
Living with a stoma requires adjustments, but with proper information and management techniques, individuals can still lead fulfilling lives. Understanding the specific type of stoma, maintaining a regular cleaning routine, selecting the appropriate pouching device, and adjusting one’s diet and lifestyle are all crucial aspects of stoma care.
While occasional issues like leaks or blockages may arise, these can be managed through preventive measures and, if necessary, consulting with a specialist.
Having a stoma should not limit your potential. Maintaining a positive mindset, seeking social support, and having access to stoma nurses are vital for preserving emotional well-being and confidence. By embracing effective stoma care practices and utilizing available resources, people with stomas can actively engage in all aspects of daily life and lead meaningful, active lives.
